Njengabantu, siyaqhubeka sitshintsha kwaye siguquka. Ukusuka kwinyanga ukuya kwinyanga nonyaka ukuya kunyaka, senza utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela esiziphatha ngayo.
Kukho, nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezingagxili ngakumbi kunabanye, kwaye ezinye kunzima kakhulu ukuzitshintsha.
Amanqanaba ama-5 oTshintsho lweModeli, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiTranstheoretical Model (TTM), ekuqaleni yaphuhliswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980.
Ngokusisiseko, le modeli isekwe kwimbono (enengqiqo!) Yokuba akukho tshintsho lwenzeka kwinyathelo elinye, kodwa ukuba nabani na owenza utshintsho kubomi babo uya kuhamba noluhlu lwamanqanaba amahlanu, ngalinye lahlukile kwelinye kwaye ngalinye linokuqikelelwa.
Abanye baphikisa ngelithi ukuba abantu banokwaziswa ngenqanaba lotshintsho abakulo, baya kuba nakho ke ukubangcono ukuqhubela phambili ngokwamanqanaba kwaye bafezekise utshintsho oluhlala luhleli, kunokuba babuyele kwiindlela zabo zokuqala zokuziphatha.
Akunjalo kulula, nangona kunjalo. Ngelishwa, abantu abadli ngokukhwela nje kumanqanaba amahlanu eleli yotshintsho kube kanye kwaye bahlala beqinile kwinyathelo eliphezulu.
Ngaphezulu kwesitepsi esingaqhelekanga esinyuka ezantsi kwaye siphinde sinyuke kwakhona. Ubetha inqanaba ngalinye kumanqanaba amahlanu amaxesha amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye ufezekise utshintsho oluhlala luhleli.
Akukho siqinisekiso sokuba awuyi kuthatha ukuwa nasemva kokuba ukwinqanaba lesihlanu ixesha elithile.
Le modeli yaveliswa ekuqaleni njengendlela yokuqonda indlela abantu abatshayayo abakwazi ngayo ukukhaba lo mkhwa, kodwa kwezi ntsuku kusetyenziswa abantu abashukumisa phantse naluphi na uhlobo lokuziphatha, ukusuka kwiziselo ezinxilisayo nakwiziyobisi kubudlelwane obungalunganga kunye nokutya okanye ubomi bokuhlala.
Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kumanqanaba amahlanu ale modeli.
1. Uqikelelo lwangaphambili
Eli nqanaba kuhlala kubhekiswa kulo 'njengokwala,' ukwala ukuvuma ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki.
Abantu abakweli nqanaba abanamdla wokwenza naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela abaziphatha ngayo, ubuncinci kwikamva elikufutshane (eliqhelekileyo lithathwa njengeenyanga ezintandathu ezizayo).
Banokukholelwa ekubeni abanakho ukutshintsha, njengoko bezamile kwaye basilela amaxesha amaninzi ngaphambili kwaye baphulukana nokuzithemba kunye nenkuthazo.
Banokuncamathisela iintloko zabo entlabathini kwaye baphike ukuba umkhwa wabo uneziphumo ezibi kubo konke konke. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ukuba ufunda eli nqaku, mhlawumbi sele udlulile kwinqanaba elidlulileyo.
umyeni wam unomsindo kwaye uyacaphuka ngalo lonke ixesha
Banokuthi bangaxelelwa malunga neziphumo zokuziphatha kwabo, kodwa ukudibanisa oko, bathambekele ekukhetheni xa kufikwa kulwazi abaluqwalaselayo, babambelele kuyo nayiphi na into ebonisa ukuba umkhwa awubenzakalisi. .
Ezinye iimodeli aziliquki eli nqanaba konke konke, ungaqwalaseli abantu abakule meko yokucinga ukuba bafumana utshintsho. Babona kuphela abo bathatha amanyathelo abonakalayo ukuba bahamba kwinkqubo yokwenza utshintsho olukhulu.
Ukudlula kweli nqanaba, uhlobo oluthile lwe ukukhuthaza iimvakalelo okanye umsitho unokuba yimfuneko ukubonelela ngenkuthazo abasilelayo ngoku.
2. Ukucamngca
Inqanaba lesibini kuxa umntu ethathela ingqalelo iingenelo kunye neengozi zokwenza utshintsho olubalulekileyo ebomini babo.
Bazilinganisela iindleko, nokuba zikwimo yemali, ixesha, okanye umzamo nje, wokuguqula indlela abaziphethe ngayo, kunye nendlela ethelekiswa nezibonelelo abaza kuzonwabela ngenxa yoko.
Bazama ukuthatha isigqibo sokuba kufanelekile na ukusebenza nzima, kwaye ngokwembono yabo i-cons isabonakala ngathi inobunzima ngaphezu kweenzuzo.
Abantu kweli nqanaba ngokwesiqhelo banenjongo yokuthatha amanyathelo kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezizayo. Nangona kunjalo, banako, ukuziqhelanisa, ukuhlala bekwayindlela efanayo iminyaka bengakhange badlulele kwinyathelo elilandelayo.
Ukuba uhlala ubambekile kweli nyathelo ixesha elide, kuyaziwa njengokucamngca okungapheliyo okanye ukuzibambezela kokuziphatha. Uyazi ezantsi kufanelekile, kodwa awungekhe uzise ngokwakho ukuba ukwenze.
3. Amalungiselelo
Ukuba ulungele ukuthatha inyathelo kwaye unenjongo yokwenza njalo kwikamva elisondeleyo (ngesiqhelo ngaphakathi kwenyanga), ke ukwinqanaba lesithathu, elilungiselela.
Eli linqanaba lokuqala apho umntu othile eza kuthatha uhlobo lwenyathelo kunokucinga nje ngezinto ezingqondweni zabo.
Abantu abakolu didi bathathe inyathelo elibonakalayo lokutshintsha, elinokuthetha nogqirha, umcebisi, umntu oqeqesha abantu, umqeqeshi wobomi, ukubhalisela ukwenza umthambo, okanye ukubhalisela uhlobo oluthile lwenkqubo, kuxhomekeke kwindlela abaziphethe ngayo unqwenela ukutshintsha.
4. Intshukumo
Abantu abakwinqanaba lesine benze into ebonakalayo, utshintsho oluthile kubomi babo kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo. Zonke ezi zinto zinokujongwa ngabanye, yiyo loo nto eli nqanaba laziwa ngokuba sisenzo.
wwe isiphelo sendlela yokuphelisa iziphumo zomgca
Oku kunokuba kukuzilolonga rhoqo, okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya nokusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwemveliso yokubuyisela inicotine.
Eli linqanaba xa abantu abenza utshintsho besemngciphekweni wokubuyela umva kwaye ubuye umva amanqanaba ambalwa, nkqu nokubuyela kwinqanaba lokuqala.
Ezinye iimodeli ziye zavuma kuphela ukuba utshintsho luyenzeka kwaphela xa bebona isenzo, isaphulelo ngokupheleleyo kumanqanaba amathathu okuqala akhokelela kweli nqanaba kwiModeli yeTranstheoretical.
5. Ulondolozo
Nje ukuba ufikelele kwinqanaba lesihlanu, izinto ezintsha oqale ukuzitshintsha indlela oziphethe ngayo ziye zaba yimikhwa elungileyo ngoku eyinxalenye yobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba utshintsho olwenziwe yinto efana nokwenza umthambo, umntu usenokungazilolongi rhoqo njengoko babenjalo xa bekwinqanaba lesenzo.
Baza kuhlala begcina amanqanaba abo okuqina kwaye abayi kubuyela kwiindlela zabo ezindala zokuziphatha, kodwa abayi kuba nenzondelelo njengokuba babenjalo ekuqaleni.
Okwangoku, abantu abahendeki kangako ukuba babuyele kwiindlela zabo zokuziphatha zangaphambili kwaye baqhubeke nokukhulisa ukuzithemba ukuba baya kuba nakho ukugcina utshintsho abalwenzileyo ngonaphakade.
Ngokuya bekwazi ukuhlala kwinqanaba lokugcina, lithoba amathuba okuba babuyele.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu banokuhlala kweli nqanaba ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba baqiniseke ngokwenyani kwiindlela zabo zokuziphatha kwaye umngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye ubenganakwa.
Unokuthanda (inqaku liyaqhubeka ngezantsi):
- Ungalunqoba njani uloyiko loTshintsho kwaye ujonge ngokuzithemba kwimiceli mngeni emitsha
- Sukubeka Izigqibo zoNyaka oMtsha ngaphambi kokuFunda oku
- Kutheni ufuna iSicwangciso soPhuculo lwaBantu (kunye nezinto ezisi-7 ekufuneka ukuba unazo)
- Ungabutshintsha njani uBomi bakho bube ngcono
Inyathelo elinye Phambili, Amanyathelo amabini abuyayo
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, oku akuthethi ukuba yindlela yesitrato esiya kuphela okanye ukunyuka intaba.
Abantu bahlala bexhuma phakathi kwamanqanaba amabini, amathathu, kunye nesine - ukucamngca, ukulungiselela, kunye nokwenza - kwaye ngamanye amaxesha banokuphinda babuyele umva kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukusilela kwabo kugxininise ezingqondweni zabo ukuba abanakho ukwenza utshintsho oluhlala luhleli, ngenxa yoko Ungazikhathazi ngokuzama.
Umzekelo olungileyo wabantu ababhampayo phakathi kwamanqanaba ngabo bahlala besenza izidlo ze-'yo-yo ', behamba ngezigaba zokuzilolonga ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokungasebenzi ngokupheleleyo, kunye nokuthenga ubulungu bokuzivocavoca obubizayo qho ngoJanuwari, kodwa ungaze uzisebenzise.
Iinkqubo ezili-10 zoTshintsho
Amanqanaba amahlanu otshintsho ngaphakathi kweModeli yeTranstheoretical asicacisele xa utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, imvakalelo kunye nokucinga kusenzeka ngelixa umntu esiya ekwenzeni utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ebalulekileyo.
Ukuze siqonde ngokwenyani ukuba senza njani iinguqu zokuziphatha ezingapheliyo, nangona kunjalo, akonelanga ukujonga XA izinto zisenzeka. Kuya kufuneka sijonge INDLELA utshintsho olwenzeka ngayo.
I-TTM ichonga iinkqubo ezilishumi zokufihla kunye neenkqubo ezifihlakeleyo ekufuneka umntu ehambele kuzo ukuze aqhubele phambili ngempumelelo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala ukuya kwinqanaba lesihlanu kunye nokugcina isimilo esitsha esifanelekileyo.
Ezi zilishumi zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini amahlanu, eyokuqala yeyokuqonda kunye neenkqubo ezinamava (utshintsho lweengcinga / utshintsho lwentliziyo) kwaye okwesibini ziinkqubo zokuziphatha (utshintsho kwizenzo ezithathwayo).
Inkqubo yokuqonda kunye nokuchaphazela amava
1. Ukukhulisa ulwazi
Ngaba bayane kunye nabangcwabi
Umntu lowo wenza iinzame zokuba abe nolwazi ngakumbi, afune ulwazi olutsha kunye nokufumana ukuqonda okungcono kokuziphatha okuyingxaki.
2. Uncedo olukhulu
Kule nkqubo, umntu uqala ukujonga iimvakalelo abahlangabezana nazo kwaye azichaze kwabanye, ekwabelana ngeengcinga zakhe malunga nokuziphatha okuyingxaki kunye nokucebisa ngezisombululo ezinokubakho.
3. Ukuphononongwa ngokutsha kwendalo
Le nkqubo iphambili yenzeka xa umntu eqala ukuthathela ingqalelo indlela yokuziphatha kwabo kubachaphazela ngayo abo babangqongileyo.
Bavavanya ukuba zingakanani iimpembelelo indlela yokuziphatha enengxaki kwimeko yabo yomzimba neyentlalo.
4. Ukuzivandlakanya kwakhona
Kulapho ke umntu avavanya amaxabiso abo ngokubhekisele kwindlela yokuziphatha enengxaki kwaye abavavanye ngokwasemphefumlweni nangokuqonda, ukufikelela kwizigqibo ezahlukeneyo kwabo babekholelwa ngaphambili.
Benza umfanekiso omtsha wabo abathi emva koko baqhubele phambili ezingqondweni zabo, bechaphazela ukucinga kunye nokuziphatha kwabo.
5. Inkululeko yoLuntu
Le yinkqubo yomntu ngamnye oqaphela inkxaso abayifumanayo kwabanye ngokuziphatha kwabo okutsha.
Baye bazi ukuba iinjongo zabo zokuziphatha ziyamkeleka eluntwini kunendlela ababeziphethe ngayo ngaphambili.
Iinkqubo zokuziphatha
1. Inkululeko yokuzikhulula
Inkululeko kukuzikhethela yinkqubo yokwenza ukhetho oluqinisekileyo kunye nokuzibophelela ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha enengxaki.
Xa umntu ezibophelela, bayakholelwa ukuba banako ukulandela kwaye baphumeze utshintsho. Kukwizandla zabo.
2. Ukulungisa imeko
Kulapho umntu aqala khona ukusebenzisa izinto ezingena endaweni yokuziphatha enengxaki ukubathintela ukuba bangazenzi.
3. Ukunceda ubudlelwane
Akukho ndoda okanye mfazi uyisiqithi, kwaye akukho namnye unokufumana utshintsho oluhlala luhleli ngaphandle kwenkxaso yabo babangqongileyo.
Le nkqubo iyathemba, yamkele, kwaye isebenzise inkxaso yabo basikhathaleleyo ukusinceda senze utshintsho olukhulu.
uthandana njani ngeentsuku ezili-10
4. Ulawulo loQinisekiso
Iminqathe ihlala inamandla ngakumbi kunentonga, kwaye ukufumana umvuzo ngokwenza utshintsho, nokuba uzinika wena okanye uzifumana kwabanye, yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yotshintsho.
Ukuba akukho nto ikhoyo ngokukhawuleza kuthi, akunakulindeleka ukuba siyenze.
5. Ulawulo lweStimulus
Okokugqibela kodwa kungaphelelanga apho, siza kulawulo lokukhuthaza, olulawula ngokusingqongileyo okusingqongileyo. Oku malunga nokuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulawula iimeko okanye ezinye izizathu ezinokuthi kwixesha elidlulileyo zibangele umkhwa ozama ukukhaba okanye ukuguqula.
Ngawaphi amaQonga oTshintsho oDlula kwiNkqubo nganye yoTshintsho?
Ukuba ufuna uncedo lobuchwephesha, njengoko abantu abaninzi besenza xa bezama ukutshintsha umkhwa othile, emva koko banokuba neendlela zokukukhuthaza ukuba uqalise iinkqubo ezithile zotshintsho ngamaxesha athile.
Oku kuyakuxhomekeka kwimeko yakho kwaye bakholelwa ukuba kuyanceda kuwe ngelo xesha kuhambo lwakho.
Banokuthi, umzekelo, bakukhuthaze ukuba ufikelele kwabo bakungqongileyo kwaye ubazise malunga nezinto ozama ukufikelela kuzo, oko kuthetha ukuba uqala ukunceda ubudlelwane inkqubo.
Ukuba uzama ukutshintsha indlela ethile yokuziphatha ngokwakho, nangona kunjalo, kwaye ungawaqapheli amanqanaba emodeli yotshintsho, uya kuthi ngokwendalo uthambekele ekuhambeni kwezi zigaba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Ezinye zeenkqubo ziya kudityaniswa nezigaba zotshintsho, kwaye ezinye ziya kuba namava kwinqanaba elithile.
Umzekelo, ukuphakamisa ukuqonda inxulunyaniswe nenqanaba lesibini, ukuqiqa. Eli linqanaba xa ulinganisa i-pros kunye ne-cons kwaye uqalise ukufuna ulwazi olutsha.
kutheni engasandithandi
Kwimeko yangaphambili, uyaphika kwaye awunomdla wokufumanisa, kwaye ngelixesha sele ulungiselele, sele uqinisekile ukuba ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha kuya kuba luncedo kuwe, ngenxa yoko akufuneki ukuba uyenze ukuqhubeka kophando.
Ukuzikhulula yinkqubo oza kuyidlula ngexesha lokulungiselela, xa uthatha inyathelo lokuqala kuhambo lwakho.
Lilonke, amakhonkco phakathi kwamanqanaba kunye neenkqubo azicacisi, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuthi wonke umntu uza kudlula kwinkqubo nganye ngexesha elinye kwaye ngexesha elinye.
Njengokuba abantu bengaxhuma phakathi kwamanqanaba, banokuqala ukuhamba ngenkqubo kwaye bangayisombululi, babuyele kuyo kamva kuhambo lwabo oluya kutshintsho.
Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ezi nkqubo azihambelani ngokwahlukeneyo, ngokungafaniyo namanqanaba amahlanu otshintsho.
Ngamanqanaba, ukwenye okanye kwenye, kodwa ungaze ube mibini ngaxeshanye. Ngeenkqubo zotshintsho, kwelinye icala, unokuba-kwaye uhlala uqhubeka-phakathi kweenkqubo ezininzi zokuqonda kunye nezisebenzayo kunye neenkqubo zokuziphatha zonke ngaxeshanye.
Ulwazi Ngamandla
Xa uzama ukwenza utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yokuphila, ukwazi ukuba uphi kwileli ye-TTM kunokuba sisixhobo sakho semfihlo kwaye kukuncede ufikelele usukelo lwakho ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ubuza kwenza ukunyuka ngaphandle kwengcinga indlela ephambi kwakho. Cinga ngale modeli njengemephu efanelekileyo.
Xa uxhobile ngolu lwazi, uya kuba nakho ngakumbi ukubona isimilo esithile kuwe kwaye, ke ngoko, zincedise ekuqhubekeni nokuthatha amanyathelo ukuya phambili kwinjongo kwaye uphephe ukutyibilika.
